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highphd:
海量用户如何处理啊?缓存服务器?大数据?
面向海量服务的设计原则和策略总结 -
AKka:
看了这篇博文更感觉到自己要学的东西更多了。同时感谢博主的辛勤写 ...
[Java性能剖析]JVM Management API -
sswh:
非常不错,感谢分享!!
[Java性能剖析]Sun JVM Attach API -
muyexi:
请问在Android开发中的什么场景下,会用到ObjectWe ...
[字节码系列]ObjectWeb ASM构建Method Monitor -
zoutuo:
前辈可否告知其中的“吞吐量”指的是什么?谢谢!
[Java性能剖析]Sun JVM内存管理和垃圾回收
1.从DispatcherServlet开始
与很多使用广泛的MVC框架一样,SpringMVC使用的是FrontController模式,所有的设计都围绕DispatcherServlet为中心来展开的。见下图,所有请求从DispatcherServlet进入,DispatcherServlet根据配置好的映射策略确定处理的Controller,Controller处理完成返回ModelAndView,DispatcherServlet根据配置好的视图策略确定处理的View,由View生成具体的视图返回给请求客户端。
2.初始化
SpringMVC几个核心的配置策略包括:
*HandlerMapping:请求-处理器映射策略处理,根据请求生成具体的处理链对象
*HandlerAdapter:处理器适配器,由于最终的Handler对象不一定是一个标准接口的实现对象,参数也可能非常的灵活复杂,因此所有的对象需要一个合适的适配器适配成标准的处理接口来最终执行请求
*ViewResolver:视图映射策略,根据视图名称和请求情况,最终映射到具体的处理View,由View对象来生成具体的视图。
其他的配置策略包括MultipartResolver、LocaleResolver、ThemeResolver等等,但并不影响我们对整个SpringMVC的工作原理的理解,此处并不具体说明。
1)初始化Context
见下图DispatcherServlet的继承结构,其中,HttpServletBean主要功能是在初始化(init)时将servlet的配置参数(init-param)转换成Servlet的属性,FrameworkServlet主要功能是与ApplicationContext的集成,因此Context的初始化工作主要在FrameworkServlet中进行。
Context初始化的过程可以通过如下过程来描述:HttServletBean.init --> FrameworkServlet.initServletBean --> FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext。具体的初始化过程可见如下代码:
FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() throws BeansException { WebApplicationContext parent = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); WebApplicationContext wac = createWebApplicationContext(parent); if (!this.refreshEventReceived) { // Apparently not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh support: // triggering initial onRefresh manually here. onRefresh(wac); } if (this.publishContext) { // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute. String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName(); getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() + "' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]"); } } return wac; }
FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(WebApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" + getContextClass().getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]"); } if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(getContextClass())) { throw new ApplicationContextException( "Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + getContextClass().getName() + "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext"); } ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(getContextClass()); wac.setParent(parent); wac.setServletContext(getServletContext()); wac.setServletConfig(getServletConfig()); wac.setNamespace(getNamespace()); wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation()); wac.addApplicationListener(new SourceFilteringListener(wac, this)); postProcessWebApplicationContext(wac); wac.refresh(); return wac; }
2)初始化策略
具体与SpringMVC相关的策略在DispatcherServlet中初始化,DispatcherServlet的类定义被加载时,如下初始化代码段被执行:
static { // Load default strategy implementations from properties file. // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized // by application developers. try { ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class); defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage()); } }
我们可以看到,SpringMVC的策略在与DispatcherServlet同目录的Dispatcher.properties文件中配置,如下是Spring2.5的默认配置策略
# Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.
org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver
org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.throwaway.ThrowawayControllerHandlerAdapter,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator
org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver
当然,我们可以变更其处理策略,通过上面部分,我们知道,FrameworkServlet实现了ApplicationListener,并在构建WebApplicationContext后,将自身(this)向WebApplicationContext注册,因此WebApplicationContext初始化完毕之后,将发送ContextRefreshedEvent事件,该事件实际上被DispatcherServlet处理,处理过程如下:
FrameworkServlet.onApplicationEvent --> DispatcherServlet.onRefresh --> DispatcherServlet.initStrategies
DispatcherServlet.initStrategies代码如下,具体处理过程可参见Spring源代码
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) { initMultipartResolver(context); initLocaleResolver(context); initThemeResolver(context); initHandlerMappings(context); initHandlerAdapters(context); initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); initViewResolvers(context); }
3.请求处理流程
SpringMVC的请求处理从doService-->doDispatch为入口,实际上,我们只要紧紧抓住HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter、ViewResolver这三个核心对象,SpringMVC的一整个运行机制看起来将非常简单,其主要处理流程包括:
1)将请求映射到具体的执行处理链,见如下代码
// Determine handler for the current request. mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false); if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; }
具体看一下getHandler是如何处理的
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request, boolean cache) throws Exception { HandlerExecutionChain handler = (HandlerExecutionChain) request.getAttribute(HANDLER_EXECUTION_CHAIN_ATTRIBUTE); if (handler != null) { if (!cache) { request.removeAttribute(HANDLER_EXECUTION_CHAIN_ATTRIBUTE); } return handler; } Iterator it = this.handlerMappings.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { HandlerMapping hm = (HandlerMapping) it.next(); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); } handler = hm.getHandler(request); if (handler != null) { if (cache) { request.setAttribute(HANDLER_EXECUTION_CHAIN_ATTRIBUTE, handler); } return handler; } } return null; }
可以看到,仅仅是遍历每一个HandlerMapping,如果能够其能够处理,则返回执行处理链(HandleExecuteChain)
2)执行处理链的拦截器列表的preHandle方法,如果执行时返回false,表示该拦截器已处理完请求要求停止执行后续的工作,则倒序执行所有已执行过的拦截器的afterCompletion方法,并返回
// Apply preHandle methods of registered interceptors. HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors(); if (interceptors != null) { for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) { HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i]; if (!interceptor.preHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())) { triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null); return; } interceptorIndex = i; } }
3)根据处理对象获得处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter),并由处理适配器负责最终的请求处理,并返回ModelAndView(mv),关于处理器适配器的作用,见第2部分的说明
// Actually invoke the handler. HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
具体看getHandlerAdapter如何工作
protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException { Iterator it = this.handlerAdapters.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { HandlerAdapter ha = (HandlerAdapter) it.next(); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Testing handler adapter [" + ha + "]"); } if (ha.supports(handler)) { return ha; } } throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler + "]: Does your handler implement a supported interface like Controller?"); }
非常简单,仅仅是依次询问HandlerAdapter列表是否支持处理当前的处理器对象
4)倒序执行处理链拦截器列表的postHandle方法
// Apply postHandle methods of registered interceptors. if (interceptors != null) { for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i]; interceptor.postHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), mv); } }
5)根据ViewResolver获取相应的View实例,并生成视图响应给客户端
// Did the handler return a view to render? if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { render(mv, processedRequest, response); } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling"); } }
再看看render方法
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { // Determine locale for request and apply it to the response. Locale locale = this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request); response.setLocale(locale); View view = null; if (mv.isReference()) { // We need to resolve the view name. view = resolveViewName(mv.getViewName(), mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request); if (view == null) { throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() + "' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); } } else { // No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object. view = mv.getView(); if (view == null) { throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " + "View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); } } // Delegate to the View object for rendering. if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Rendering view [" + view + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); } view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response); }
6)倒序执行处理链拦截器列表的afterCompletion方法
private void triggerAfterCompletion( HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, int interceptorIndex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex) throws Exception { // Apply afterCompletion methods of registered interceptors. if (mappedHandler != null) { HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors(); if (interceptors != null) { for (int i = interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) { HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i]; try { interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), ex); } catch (Throwable ex2) { logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2); } } } } }
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面向海量服务的设计原则和策略总结
2010-05-27 07:05 12771互联网服务的特点就是面向海量级的用户,面向海量级的 ... -
SpringMVC源码解析(下)
2009-05-22 12:11 52004.请求-处理链映射(HandlerMapping) ... -
JSP2.1规范
2009-05-19 16:15 2291JSP2.1规范 -
Servlet2.3规范
2009-05-19 15:49 1401Servlet2.3规范 -
半年TeamLeader总结
2008-10-18 09:29 1959成为一个小团队的TeamLe ... -
两年前看到的帖子--10年跳槽总结出的珍贵经验
2008-06-27 09:12 2337首先,真正的高级人才 ... -
读书笔记——关于Annotation与XML配置
2008-06-19 22:06 1705随着Java5的流行,Annotation渐有取代 ... -
读书笔记——Spring扩展点
2008-06-19 21:51 3956Ø BeanPostProcessors :该扩 ... -
读书笔记——事务总结
2008-06-16 22:41 17661. 事务四要素( ACID ) Ø Atom ... -
最近学习计划-共勉
2008-06-16 22:40 15701.spring设计艺术 1)spring源码重读 ... -
AST构建Hibernat动态查询
2007-05-25 13:33 3096一、效果 java 代码 public cla ... -
FreeMarker对Template的加载过程
2007-03-10 09:55 5125前一阵子在研究使用数据库来配置表现层的信息的技 ... -
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2007-03-10 09:30 3470FreeMarker3.8中引入了一个非常实用的 ...
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